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package HTML::HeadParser; =head1 NAME HTML::HeadParser - Parse <HEAD> section of a HTML document =head1 SYNOPSIS require HTML::HeadParser; $p = HTML::HeadParser->new; $p->parse($text) and print "not finished"; $p->header('Title') # to access <title>....</title> $p->header('Content-Base') # to access <base href="http://..."> $p->header('Foo') # to access <meta http-equiv="Foo" content="..."> $p->header('X-Meta-Author') # to access <meta name="author" content="..."> $p->header('X-Meta-Charset') # to access <meta charset="..."> =head1 DESCRIPTION The C<HTML::HeadParser> is a specialized (and lightweight) C<HTML::Parser> that will only parse the E<lt>HEAD>...E<lt>/HEAD> section of an HTML document. The parse() method will return a FALSE value as soon as some E<lt>BODY> element or body text are found, and should not be called again after this. Note that the C<HTML::HeadParser> might get confused if raw undecoded UTF-8 is passed to the parse() method. Make sure the strings are properly decoded before passing them on. The C<HTML::HeadParser> keeps a reference to a header object, and the parser will update this header object as the various elements of the E<lt>HEAD> section of the HTML document are recognized. The following header fields are affected: =over 4 =item Content-Base: The I<Content-Base> header is initialized from the E<lt>base href="..."> element. =item Title: The I<Title> header is initialized from the E<lt>title>...E<lt>/title> element. =item Isindex: The I<Isindex> header will be added if there is a E<lt>isindex> element in the E<lt>head>. The header value is initialized from the I<prompt> attribute if it is present. If no I<prompt> attribute is given it will have '?' as the value. =item X-Meta-Foo: All E<lt>meta> elements containing a C<name> attribute will result in headers using the prefix C<X-Meta-> appended with the value of the C<name> attribute as the name of the header, and the value of the C<content> attribute as the pushed header value. E<lt>meta> elements containing a C<http-equiv> attribute will result in headers as in above, but without the C<X-Meta-> prefix in the header name. E<lt>meta> elements containing a C<charset> attribute will result in an C<X-Meta-Charset> header, using the value of the C<charset> attribute as the pushed header value. The ':' character can't be represented in header field names, so if the meta element contains this char it's substituted with '-' before forming the field name. =back =head1 METHODS The following methods (in addition to those provided by the superclass) are available: =over 4 =cut require HTML::Parser; @ISA = qw(HTML::Parser); use HTML::Entities (); use strict; use vars qw($VERSION $DEBUG); #$DEBUG = 1; $VERSION = "3.71"; =item $hp = HTML::HeadParser->new =item $hp = HTML::HeadParser->new( $header ) The object constructor. The optional $header argument should be a reference to an object that implement the header() and push_header() methods as defined by the C<HTTP::Headers> class. Normally it will be of some class that is a or delegates to the C<HTTP::Headers> class. If no $header is given C<HTML::HeadParser> will create an C<HTTP::Headers> object by itself (initially empty). =cut sub new { my($class, $header) = @_; unless ($header) { require HTTP::Headers; $header = HTTP::Headers->new; } my $self = $class->SUPER::new(api_version => 3, start_h => ["start", "self,tagname,attr"], end_h => ["end", "self,tagname"], text_h => ["text", "self,text"], ignore_elements => [qw(script style)], ); $self->{'header'} = $header; $self->{'tag'} = ''; # name of active element that takes textual content $self->{'text'} = ''; # the accumulated text associated with the element $self; } =item $hp->header; Returns a reference to the header object. =item $hp->header( $key ) Returns a header value. It is just a shorter way to write C<$hp-E<gt>header-E<gt>header($key)>. =cut sub header { my $self = shift; return $self->{'header'} unless @_; $self->{'header'}->header(@_); } sub as_string # legacy { my $self = shift; $self->{'header'}->as_string; } sub flush_text # internal { my $self = shift; my $tag = $self->{'tag'}; my $text = $self->{'text'}; $text =~ s/^\s+//; $text =~ s/\s+$//; $text =~ s/\s+/ /g; print "FLUSH $tag => '$text'\n" if $DEBUG; if ($tag eq 'title') { my $decoded; $decoded = utf8::decode($text) if $self->utf8_mode && defined &utf8::decode; HTML::Entities::decode($text); utf8::encode($text) if $decoded; $self->{'header'}->push_header(Title => $text); } $self->{'tag'} = $self->{'text'} = ''; } # This is an quote from the HTML3.2 DTD which shows which elements # that might be present in a <HEAD>...</HEAD>. Also note that the # <HEAD> tags themselves might be missing: # # <!ENTITY % head.content "TITLE & ISINDEX? & BASE? & STYLE? & # SCRIPT* & META* & LINK*"> # # <!ELEMENT HEAD O O (%head.content)> # # From HTML 4.01: # # <!ENTITY % head.misc "SCRIPT|STYLE|META|LINK|OBJECT"> # <!ENTITY % head.content "TITLE & BASE?"> # <!ELEMENT HEAD O O (%head.content;) +(%head.misc;)> # # From HTML 5 as of WD-html5-20090825: # # One or more elements of metadata content, [...] # => base, command, link, meta, noscript, script, style, title sub start { my($self, $tag, $attr) = @_; # $attr is reference to a HASH print "START[$tag]\n" if $DEBUG; $self->flush_text if $self->{'tag'}; if ($tag eq 'meta') { my $key = $attr->{'http-equiv'}; if (!defined($key) || !length($key)) { if ($attr->{name}) { $key = "X-Meta-\u$attr->{name}"; } elsif ($attr->{charset}) { # HTML 5 <meta charset="..."> $key = "X-Meta-Charset"; $self->{header}->push_header($key => $attr->{charset}); return; } else { return; } } $key =~ s/:/-/g; $self->{'header'}->push_header($key => $attr->{content}); } elsif ($tag eq 'base') { return unless exists $attr->{href}; (my $base = $attr->{href}) =~ s/^\s+//; $base =~ s/\s+$//; # HTML5 $self->{'header'}->push_header('Content-Base' => $base); } elsif ($tag eq 'isindex') { # This is a non-standard header. Perhaps we should just ignore # this element $self->{'header'}->push_header(Isindex => $attr->{prompt} || '?'); } elsif ($tag =~ /^(?:title|noscript|object|command)$/) { # Just remember tag. Initialize header when we see the end tag. $self->{'tag'} = $tag; } elsif ($tag eq 'link') { return unless exists $attr->{href}; # <link href="http:..." rel="xxx" rev="xxx" title="xxx"> my $href = delete($attr->{href}); $href =~ s/^\s+//; $href =~ s/\s+$//; # HTML5 my $h_val = "<$href>"; for (sort keys %{$attr}) { next if $_ eq "/"; # XHTML junk $h_val .= qq(; $_="$attr->{$_}"); } $self->{'header'}->push_header(Link => $h_val); } elsif ($tag eq 'head' || $tag eq 'html') { # ignore } else { # stop parsing $self->eof; } } sub end { my($self, $tag) = @_; print "END[$tag]\n" if $DEBUG; $self->flush_text if $self->{'tag'}; $self->eof if $tag eq 'head'; } sub text { my($self, $text) = @_; print "TEXT[$text]\n" if $DEBUG; unless ($self->{first_chunk}) { # drop Unicode BOM if found if ($self->utf8_mode) { $text =~ s/^\xEF\xBB\xBF//; } else { $text =~ s/^\x{FEFF}//; } $self->{first_chunk}++; } my $tag = $self->{tag}; if (!$tag && $text =~ /\S/) { # Normal text means start of body $self->eof; return; } return if $tag ne 'title'; $self->{'text'} .= $text; } BEGIN { *utf8_mode = sub { 1 } unless HTML::Entities::UNICODE_SUPPORT; } 1; __END__ =back =head1 EXAMPLE $h = HTTP::Headers->new; $p = HTML::HeadParser->new($h); $p->parse(<<EOT); <title>Stupid example</title> <base href="http://www.linpro.no/lwp/"> Normal text starts here. EOT undef $p; print $h->title; # should print "Stupid example" =head1 SEE ALSO L<HTML::Parser>, L<HTTP::Headers> The C<HTTP::Headers> class is distributed as part of the I<libwww-perl> package. If you don't have that distribution installed you need to provide the $header argument to the C<HTML::HeadParser> constructor with your own object that implements the documented protocol. =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright 1996-2001 Gisle Aas. All rights reserved. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut
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